Specialty E5 Physics and Astronomy. What Jobs You Can Take.

Where physics leads: defence, energy, medicine and IT.

Valeriia Baranivska7 June 2026 · 4 min read

A collage with a historical photograph of famous physicists and astronomers, and text about specialty E5 and the career options after FMF KPI.

Why physics?

Physics teaches you to ask the right questions, to make the complicated simple, and to carry those skills into any field — from drones and energy to artificial intelligence.

Physics does not just teach you to think differently — it teaches you to think.
Physicists know how to pose problems. And posing a problem is sometimes harder than solving it!

A degree in physics and astronomy is a universal “key” that opens many doors. Studying this specialty gives you skills that are valued everywhere:

The ability to solve complex problems
Logical thinking
Data analysis
Working with artificial intelligence models

Physics graduates do well both in science and outside it — from IT to finance or entrepreneurship.

Step	What a physicist does	Why it is useful anywhere
1. Observes nature	Records facts, measures data	Learning to work with real (not “ideal”) numbers
2. Asks questions	Chooses what exactly needs explaining	Builds the skill of seeing the root of a problem rather than its symptoms
3. Simplifies	Isolates individual phenomena: mechanical, thermal, electrical…

In this topic

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4. Describes it in the language of physics	Introduces quantities, relationships, assumptions	Develops a “language” for communicating within a team

5. Uses mathematics	Solves equations, checks the prediction	Moves from an idea to a working prototype

Field	A few real-world problems
Defence / security	Aerodynamic calculations for FPV drones, optimisation of radar antennas, quantum inertial navigation, the ballistics of shells and kamikaze drones.
IT and AI	Physics-Informed Neural Networks for simulations, realistic 3D graphics, quantum algorithms for encryption and optimisation.
Energy	Modelling grid resilience under shelling, calculating plasma in fusion reactors, optimising solar and wind farms, transformer diagnostics.
Medicine	AI reconstruction of CT scans with a ↓ radiation dose, radiotherapy with adaptive planning, next-generation PET scanners (nature.com).
Materials and space	Nanostructured armour, superconductors for the energy sector, rocket heat shields, lightweight composites for UAVs.
Climate / ecology	Fast AI weather models for planning the work of the Armed Forces and energy crews; sensors for monitoring emissions and radiation.